the tenses الازمنة

the tenses

1- the present continuous tense.المضارع المستمر
Is used if you want to express an event that occur now while you are talking , an event that take place at the moment or now.

زمن المضارع المستمر يعبر عن حدث يحدث الان لحظة الكلام


Formation
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I + am + v –ing


He
She + is + verb + ing
It
اسم مفرد


You
We + are + verb + ing
They
اسم جمع
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- words usually used with the tense:

Now - at the moment - look - listen

Examples :
1- he is studying now at the library. (he + is)
2- Look ! he is swimming .
3- Listen ! the president is talking. ( the president اسم مفرد لذلك استخدمنا معه is).
4- We are playing chess at at the moment .
5- They are watching a comedy film.
6- The girls are playing tennis
7- The student is writing his homework.
8- I am doing my work .
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2-the present simple tense.
زمن المضارع البسيط يعبر عن الاتي
1- حدث متكرر
2- حقيقة دائمة
3- عادة

The formation
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He
She + verb + (s or es or ies )
It
اسم مفرد


They
We + infintitive
You
اسم جمع
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Firstly, we begin with s , es , ies .-
- The sun shines at 6 o'clock every morning.
زمن الجملة مضارع بسيط لان شروق الشمس حدث متكرر
Notice : shine + s
************
Notice: (es) is used with verbs ends with
( o – sh – ch – ss – x ).
She crosses the way
She goes to the school on foot every day .
He fixes the cars.
He studies arts at AUC.
يدرس الفنون في الجامعة الامريكية...هذه حقيقة
Notice : he + verb + ies
Study converted into studies.
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Any verb ends with (Y) when is used in simple tense with he or she or it , you have to convert ( y) into ( I ) and add es.

Notice ( we ) + verb without any adds.
Girls like math
تعبر عن حقيقة ان البنات في هذا الكلاس يبحون الرياضيات
لانها اسم جمع فلذلك الفعل في المصدر ولا اضافات
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The words of the present simple tense.
Every – always – usually – often – never .
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- You usually get up early.
- i always study at the night.
- i never go to graveyard.
- i usually visit gamasa at summer .
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Notice: we use (do) and (does) in questions.
He , she . it . اسم مفرد + does
You , we , they , I, + do.
Examples:
1- do you study in USA ?
2- do they play chess ?
3- Do that boys like their teacher ?
4- Does ali play in the stadium?
5- Does he travel USA every summer ?
6- Does she study abroad ?
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في حالات الاثبات
1- yes, he does.
2- Yes , they do ,
3- Yes , boys like their teacher ?
4- Yes ,I do .
في حالات النفي
1- No, he doesn't.
2- No, they don't.
3- No, the boys don't like their teacher.
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3- past simple tense:

To express an event that happened at the past .
زمن الماضي البسيط ليعبر عن حدث في الماضي حدث وانتهي

formation

He , she , it , اسم مفرد + was
I , we , they . you , + أسم جمع + were
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To build a sentence in past tense we add (ed) to the verb or (d) if the verb already ends with (d).
some verbs we don't add (ed) or (d) like
eat the past is ate
cut the past is cut
break the past is broke
في العادة نضيف حرف الدي الي اخر الفعل اذا كان الفعل منتظم مثل :
like - liked
look - looked
اما في حالة الافعال غير المنتظمة نستخدم التصريف الثاني مثل :
eat - ate
go - went
come - came
run - ran
do - did
break - broke
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1- they did their home work.
2- You broke my car.
3- I cut that paper.
4- He ate his beak fast.
5- The engineer fixed the computer.
6- The criminal killed that woman.
7- He played all the match last time
8- I won ali in chess game yesterday morning
Win - won - won
9 – I left 3 hours ago
leave - left - left

10 - She smiled like the sun.
11- I was at the match, didn't you see me .
12 - we were there yesterday.
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عند السؤال عن شيء في الماضي نستخدم
did .

Did + subject + infinitive
Subject = الفاعل
Infinitive = المصدر
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Examples:

Did you study abroad , before ?
Did he finish his homework?
Did you see the sun eclipse?
Did your brother tell you ?
عند الاجابة بالاثبات
1- yes I did .
2- yes she did.
3- Yes he told me.
4- Yes he finished his homework.
عند الاجابة بالنفي
1 – No, I didn't.
2- No, he didn't finish his homework.
3- no, he didn't told me.
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The persent perfect tense المضارع التام
يستخدم في حالة حدث انتهي منذ وقت قصير او انتهي في الماشي ومازال تأثيره حتي الوقت الراهن
Formation


1 – I , we , they , you , + have

+ p . p

2- he , she, it + has

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Example:
اولا حالات الاثبات
1- I have worked
2- He has broken the car
حالات النفي
1- I have not worked
2- He hasn't worked
الاستفهام
Have you worked?
Has he worked?
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words:الكلمات المستخدمة مع الزمن
- ever - yet – since - for – ago – just – already
I have just come back. لسه راجع حالا
I have already finished my work.
Have you ever been to the zoo ?
I have never been to the zoo ?
I haven't seen him since 1995.
I haven't seen him for a long time.
I haven't seen him 3 years a go .
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the past continuous tense الماشي المستمر
يعبر عن حدث كان مستمرا في الماضي.
يعبر

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review with actions :
When 2 actions happened at the past, we
use past perfect tense with the first and
use past simple tense with the second.
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i had finished my homework, then I turned in.
بعدماخلصت واجبي ذهبت للنوم.
Firstly, he had killed the cat .then he wept when he saw the blood.
بعدما قتل القطة جلس وبكي دموعا لما رأي الدم.
نلاحظ ان اول فعل هو القتل لذا جاء في الماضي التام والافعال التالية كلها في الماضي البسيط.
After I had said goodbye for my friend, I saw a thief.
Before he visited me, I had prepared the room.
Before he came, I had finished my class.
I had had my dinner, and then I went outside with my grandfather.
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When an action was continuous at the past,
we use past continuous tense
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Where have you been?
----
I was cooking.
I was doing my homework.
I was playing football.
I was preparing my room.
They were eating.
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When an action was continuous at the past and anther action happened.
We use past continuous tense with the first and past simple tense with the second.
حدث كان مستمر في الماضي وجاء حدث اخر فقطعه .
اذا نستخدم الماضي التام مع الاول والبسيط مع الثاني.

1- I was playing when he died.
2-I was watching the match when the building collapsed.
3-While she was studying, her father entered.
They knew what has happened, while they were eating.
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* the past continuous tense الماضي المستمر
يعبر عن حدث كان مستمرا في الماضي لفترة
اذا كان حدثان في الماضي فالاول في الماضي المستمر والثاني في الماضي البسيط
الماضي المستمر يختلف عن الماضي البسيط في ان الاول كان مستمرا ام الثاني فكان في لحظة ما لم يكن مستمر
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formation
1 - he -she- it + was + v + ing
2- we -they -you +were +v + ing
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examples:
i was eating.
they were watching the film.
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while she was cooking, her baby got up.
i was studying , and my brother was eating.
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wish you a better life